SOFR and LIBOR are not comparable. LIBOR is based on unsecured transactions, so credit risk factors were built into LIBOR. Since SOFR is based on secured transactions, credit risk factors are not built into it.
SOFR is a daily rate that looks backward as an officially published forward curve has not been developed at this time. As a result, rates must be set in arrears for certain transactions, and the actual rate may not be known until the end of the interest period. If SOFR is used for certain transactions, Banks may decide to set the rate based on the published SOFR interest rate at the beginning of the period, based on the last 30+ day average. This is known as setting the interest rate in advance; however, the interest rate will always have a time lag. Additionally, banks need to determine if they will compound those rates based upon the outstanding principal balance or maintain those rates as is.
SOFR presents certain issues before it can be used on a regular basis, inclusive of the lack of credit risk factors and the lack of a forward-looking curve. Valley may use multiple floating reference rates concerning financial transactions it underwrites, not just SOFR. SOFR is a daily rate so it can fluctuate daily. The fluctuation flattens if a multiple day average is used to set the rate. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York started publishing 30, 90, 180-day average, to flatten the fluctuations, in the Spring of 2019. Additionally, once a forward-looking curve based on SOFR is developed, it will be published daily on the website of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
The Alternate Reference Rates Committee (ARRC) focused on the use of SOFR “in arrears” and recommended structures include: Daily Simple SOFR and Daily Compound SOFR. Compound interest will have less hedging basis relative to SOFR Overnight Index Swap (OIS), but simple interest is more straightforward and the basis between simple and compounded SOFR is a few basis points. In either case, the rate for the entire interest period would not be known at the beginning of the interest period; instead, overnight SOFR would be pulled daily and compounded based on the prior day’s rate. For further information on practical methods used to calculate the daily accrual of interest for Daily Compounded SOFR, click the link below. Additionally, this link discusses legacy LIBOR loans converting to SOFR.
https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/Microsites/arrc/files/2020/ARRC_SOFR_Synd_Loan_Conventions.pdf.